The Prevention Of Hiv / Aids Essay - 984 Words

After reading the five given articles carefully there are critical points that I would like to articulate in my reaction paper. These articles provoked me to think that we are blessed to have health professional that were able to discover HIV/AIDS and the causes of Kaposi s Sarcoma and Pneumocystis pneumonia of homosexual men in July 1981, following the report of these cases of PCP and cases of other rare life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers in America we began to recognize the importance of being aware of HIV/AIDS (Altman). Maybe not need These articles outlined major events in the AIDS epidemic. The thing that stood out to me is the information on Kaposi s sarcoma. This cancer was so rear that it may be missed and not diagnosed even by dermatologist during the 80’s (Altman). Not being able to diagnose this rare and rapidly fatal form of cancer was a concern of the physician’s right at the beginning (Altman). There are multiple forms of Kaposi s sarcoma from the classic Mediterranean Kaposi s Sarcoma, Endemic (African) Kaposi sarcoma (mentioned in the article), iatrogenic (transplant-related) Kaposi sarcoma and epidemic (AIDS-related) Kaposi sarcoma which is the most common type of KS in the United States (American Cancer Society). The virus can be present in the body for a long time, often many years, before causing major illness (American Cancer Society). When HIV damages the immune system, people who also are infected with a certain virus (theShow MoreRelatedPrevention Of Hiv / Aids Essay1641 Word s   |  7 Pagesindividuals diagnosed with HIV/AIDS involve several factors as it relates to a chronic disease. According to Auslander Freedenthal in Gehlert Browne (2012), HIV/AIDS is a chronic disease that once diagnosed, requires adherence to complex and challenging treatment regimens. Prevention of this disease requires changes in behavior that would lead to the reduction of less risky sexual behaviors. Harm reduction is a particular treatment approach that is used with HIV/AIDS individuals. As stated byRead MorePrevention Of Hiv / Aids1973 Words   |  8 Pages Prevention of HIV/Aids in Thailand Abstract This paper looks at increases in the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Thailand in the early 1990 s and the action taken to address this health issue. As a solution, the National AIDS committee of Thailand took an initiative to form the 100 Percent Condom Program. This program not only made condom use a requirement but also promoted health education in regard to HIV/AIDS. One of the major sources of the spread of HIV in Thailand was the increase of the diseaseRead MoreThe Prevention Of Hiv / Aids1772 Words   |  8 Pagesmany blood borne viruses, which produce financial penalties and which can differ in their consequence depending on locality (Bell, Selby, McMickens, 2011). Some are Hepatitis B and C, syphilis, chlamydia and HIV/AIDs just to name a few. This report will focus on the HIV/AIDs virus. HIV is a deliberate retrovirus, meaning that not merely does it take months to display any signs but then can also take years to mature fully (Bell, et. al, 2011). The virus attacks the white cells by replicating itselfRead MoreThe Prevention Of Hiv / Aids Essay2109 Words   |  9 PagesIt is imaginable for anyone to foresee that they would have been heartbroken to discover someone who worked with them or rode the same train as them had HIV/AIDS. It was a disease that the carrier did not talk about at all because of the death sentence it carried or stigma associated with it. It probably was not talked about because the ones with the disease did not know how to explain the properties of the disease and/or how it is transmitted. It was always talked about as a gay man’s diseaseRead MoreThe Prevention Of Hiv / Aids1591 Words   |  7 Pagesthese deadly diseases among Africans, the proposal should be made. Not only should this idea resolve the spread of diseases in Africa, but also stop them from spreading to places outside of these infected countries. Diseases such as Malaria, HIV/AIDS, Ebola, and Syphilis are common in many Sub-Saharan Africa and other impoverished African countries. They spread amongst humans so easily, keeping the non-infected people away from the infected is important to prevent an increase in cases. WhileRead MoreAids Prevention And Testing Of Hiv / Aids1205 Words   |  5 PagesLaMaack Mrs. Reaves Advanced Writing 8 October, 2015 AIDS Prevention and Testing â€Å"More than 1.2 million americans are living with HIV, including 156,300 who don’t realize it† (Kaplan). The HIV/AIDS epidemic hit a peak in the 2000’s. These diseases attack the immune system making them incapable of fighting off diseases. Specifically, HIV,human immunodeficiency virus, attacks the immune system, weakening it, and slowly making it produce more HIV-cells. AIDS,acquired immune deficiency syndrome, then takesRead MorePrevention Of Hiv And Aids927 Words   |  4 PagesHIV and AIDS have been on the rise in Alabama in the last 10 years. It amazes me that people do not take HIV and Aids more seriously. The reason I chose this topic was because I think we can do more to educate people on the effects of HIV and Aids. I came across a couple of interesting situations that I read about on social media. One thing was how easy people forget that they have a moral compass once they have contracted HIV and Aids. Then they think there life is over and proc eed to try to getRead MorePrevention of Spread of Hiv/Aids1798 Words   |  8 Pagesmain ways the HIV can be spread: 1. Sexual intercourse 2. Intravenous drugs 3. Blood transfusions (which are very rare now because all blood is tested) HIV is spreading like wild fire among adolescents because they dont believe it can happen to them. Prevention for positives is only possible if a person knows his or her HIV status. Voluntary counseling and testing strategies (VCT), a cornerstone of HIV prevention, has generally been seen as a first defense against the spread of HIV disease, withRead MorePrevention Of The Spread Of Hiv / Aids Essay3367 Words   |  14 PagesThe objective of this paper is aimed at investigating interventions for the control of the spread of HIV/AIDS in the United States, comparing both the rural and urban areas. According to the Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services â€Å"an intervention is a combination of program elements or strategies designed to produce behavior changes or improve health status among individuals or an entire population† Interventions may include educational programs, new or stronger policies, improvementsRead MoreCommunication Methods For Hiv / Aids Prevention1336 Words   |  6 PagesIn Botswana, the government pushes the â€Å"ABC strategy† (Ntsean e, p. 17) for HIV/AIDS prevention. â€Å"ABC† stands for abstain from sex, be faithful, or always use condoms. The government tried to get Africans to follow through with one of these three choices. These communication methods reduce HIV/AIDS infection rates since it informs the citizens of the issues and on how to prevent infection. However, sex workers will disregard this information because they have no other choice. The government also tried

Mccain Free Essays

External Business environmental challenges on the business One of the biggest problems of McCain was obesity In children. This problem related to external challenges, which faced by the organization. McCain had to focused on the healthy problem occurred due to their products. We will write a custom essay sample on Mccain or any similar topic only for you Order Now McCain had to understand the dietary of the customers, which should be balanced as well as healthy. In relation to understand the customer’s requirement and other issues, it was mandatory for the company to analyses its environment whether it was internal or external. Following figure show the external challenges: (http://yeomanry. Mom, 2014) After doing the slept analysis organization needs to examine those factors, which affects the business. When slept has been occurred then, company has to made changes according to the environment changes. Some external challenges is as below: Social Factors: It Is one of the Important factors that affects directly to the business. Consumer behavior depends resolute by the present trend. Habits Like eating, drinking changes with time to time. McCain sales growth declined due to some healthy eating patterns of the consumers. McCain reduces the quantity of salt in their potato products. Mccain claimed that their potato products are lower in fats and saturated fats. McCain also promote its product to the public to increase the sales. They communicate with people through campaigns. McCain also made strong public relation with the help of advertisement. Legal Factors: Every company has to deal with the legal criteria set by the government. There must be some standard that are set by the company to meet with the government rules and regulations. Government set standards on the behalf of consumers. They made various traffic lights labels which shows the quality of the product that help the nonusers to choose the right product. For example red dot represent high level of ingredients like fat and unsaturated fats and green dot represent low level of fat. There are some guidelines set by the government for the companies in relation of quality. Some of the guidelines are also called daily amount guidelines, which represent the daily intake of the fats and unsaturated fats. Advertising also comes under legal factors. It supervised by the voluntary body that related to advertising industry. This special authority called advertising standards authority. Economic Factors: One of the mall challenges of the company Is people’s rolling Income. This was big problem for the company because as the Income rises then, people prefer to buy the superior varlets of the products. As the people becoming richer they prefer ready to eat meal and ready meals rather than buying potatoes and chips at home. So responsible for health. Then, McCain introduces the various products like Mccain straight cut, oven chips, Home fries, roast potatoes etc. Technological factors: Technology is the most important challenges for the company. Food technology plays an important role in this modern economy. Some of the challenges for the companies like frozen products, muesli bars etc. One of the main challenges for the company how to retain the quality of the potatoes products. B. Two strength and two Weaknesses of McCain foods in emerging the organization sustainability. Strength McCain company toughly emphases on the quality of its products. It hires more than 90 agronomist’s potato experts at 55 production facilities across 6 continents, to help local producers to grow best quality of potatoes and vegetables that the company can use those products in manufacturing its products and also confirm consistent supply. McCain Research Farms concentrate on emerging quality agricultural products. (An, 2014) McCain Company drives a Potato Processing Technology Centre in Canada and frequently improvisation’s manufacturing processes in order to increase efficiency and product value. An, 2014) The company’s thoughtlessly on keeping high quality levels for raw materials distinguishes its products from others intone market and increases the brand image. (An, 2014) Nakedness’s The company has slightest presence in developing the organic segments of food. Organic and natural food products are now becoming the rapid growing classification in food retail sector. Consumer awareness organic alternatives for food products and increasing health anxieties about Junk food have headed to chirography in this particular segment. An, 2014) Restricted existence in a reckless growing product sector mayhap an unfavorable mark on the company’s market share. Downtrends status McCain has been popular as a private company; it could face problems in getting money for outgrowth owing to its ownership status. Private ownership’s the company at a reasonable disadvantage. (An, 2014) (Strauss, 2014) Adaptability culture is the most corporate culture that McCain need to adopt for their tragedies. In adaptability culture, company develops in external environment. Company need to response as soon as possible when the company makes the decision. It involves the high-risk decisions that get quick feedback from the environment. Managers need to encourage the company staff so that company needs to detect rapidly. Three reasons that make adaptability culture better than others are as below: 1 . The first reason is that it is flexible by nature. Whenever, company need to change the strategies according to customers needs then, company can change any time and very easily. Customer need changes according to time then, it is the first duty of the company to be focused the needs of customer. 2. Employees have self-rule to make decision and also act freely to meet the new needs of customers. Employees should know regarding their decision. If the employees participate a lot in the responsiveness to customers then, those decision will be highly value and appreciated. 3. Company need to be creative as well doing experimentation on new products according to the customers need. For example, In the market, there is customer need come in front of the company and company start working on it then, many can easily introduce the new product. Vision Strategy (http://www. McCain. Com, 2014) Some of the company objectives are as below: Acquire the highest market share Boost the sales of the company Satisfy the customer and its need Personalization for shareholders Growing together business strategy customers and consumers through the development of our people, stewardship of the environment and our actions as a responsible corporate citizen We believe that social responsibility is an expression of how we conduct all aspects of our business and cannot be defined within a single program or policy. This belief is reflected in the Growing Together business strategy we introduced in 2005, which is anchored by three interdependent pillars: Distributed and networked leadership: Developing people as leaders at all levels of the organization and collaborating through learning and project networks to leverage our global scale and best practices. Market facing: Making decisions at the closest level to the customer and creating demand for our products through innovation, value, differentiation and in the way we interact with our customers and consumers. Global CARS report, 2009) Corporate social responsibility: Making good, nutritious food on the principles of sustainability and food safety and supporting our employees, customers and consumers in their aspiration for a Better Life. Coach section of this report – Respecting our Environment, Inspiring Wellness and Positively Impacting our People – describes the policies, practices and initiatives that underpin our strategy a nd the progress we are making on our Journey of continuous improvement in advancing our goals in a socially responsible manner. Global CARS report, 2009) Advantages and disadvantages of Management-by-objective Management by Objectives MOB can likewise be alluded as Management by Results or Goal Management, and is focused around the presumption that contribution prompts responsibility and if a worker takes part in objective setting and additionally setting norms for estimation of execution towards that objective, then the representative will be roused to perform better and in a way that straightforwardly helps the accomplishment of authoritative goals. Advantages of Management by Objectives 1 . Since Management by targets (MOB) is a result-turned process and concentrates n setting and controlling objectives, if urges chiefs to do unity gritty arranging. 2. Both the top managers and the Juniors realize what is anticipated from them and consequently there is no part imprecision or disarray. When both top managers and subordinates know each other about there work then, there will be no confusion between them. Disadvantages of Management by Objectives 1 . MOB can be accomplishing because it has the complete backing of the top management. If the McCain top manager will not supportive with there staff then, the strategies will no completed. Whatever, strategic plan made by the management should be related to staff. 2. They may be less weight to co-occur with the administration during setting objectives and goals and these objectives may be set unreasoningly high. This may low down their assurance and they may get to be suspicious about the logic behind MOB. Control System to improve Production process and product quality Controlling is one of the most important functions, which consist planning, organizing, staffing and directing. It is important because It help the company to correct the errors and to take corrective action so that divergence from tankards are minimized and the set goals of the company are achieved in the desired manner. Control in management means to improve the production process, Feed forward Control Concurrent Control Feedback Control Afterwards Afterwards is a communication term that refers to regulate impact to a person or a company from which anybody can expect output. Feed Forward is not like pre- feedback, because it helps to measure an output and also help in sending the feedback. For example, if pre-feedback is occurred during quality and production process which is really easy for the organization to get an idea of the output. It also involves a document of review and giving post information regarding the production and quality process. Concurrent control will be control that happens in the meantime as a task is happening. This observing and controlling comprises of the courses of action that project execution so that potential issues might be distinguished in a promising way and correct procedures could be made, when needed, to control the execution of the task. If any project is under process in production unit then, concurrent control strategy can be used during that process. It will help the managers to observe and intro and of course, actions can be taken for correct execution of the process. Feedback is a method in which data about the past or the present impacts the same phenomenon in the present or future. As a part of a chain of its effect and causes that forms a circuit, the occasion is said to â€Å"feedback† into itself. Feedback† exists between two sections when each affects the other. As a company tries to improve its performance, feedback helps to make some adjustments. Feedback helps to motivate the people in the work place. When anybody receives positive or negative feedback, hat person decides how to apply that feedback on his or her Job. In the production and quality process of the company, if any employee receive the positive feedback then, that person will automatically motivated towards company. 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Legal aspects International business and enterprise-Free Samples

Question: Discuss About Legal Aspects of International Business and Enterprise? Answer: Introduction The treaties in Australia are not incorporated into the law by the act of ratification or accession. They do not form a part of the domestic until implemented by the legislation. The legal rights cannot be created on the citizen unless there is a legislation related to it. This does not state that Treaties doesnt cause influence on Australian Law (Poudret and Besson, 2007). In the decision made in Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs v Teoh, the High Court stated that there is an indirect influence of treaties on domestic law in Australia. This will surely affect the attention in the future due to the pressure caused by internationalization. It is highly causing a conflict that can affect the future decisions relating to the court of law. In an event of dispute the conflict is whether to implement the domestic law or international treaty (Langford, 2008). However in todays scenario treaties and their implementation has become important in order to form foreign relationship. Justification for the argument It is generally being accepted that the treaties do not directly influence Australian Domestic law. Treaties are not affected by the domestic law unless there is legislation. In Dietrich V the Queen CJ Mason, Justice McHugh described the influence of International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) in Australian law (Gutteridge, 2015). It was further stated that the Ratification of the ICCPR does not have a direct effect upon domestic law. The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights are not included into the Australian law until and unless specific legislation is being passed under the provision (Blanpain, et al 2007). Dietrichs case has illustrated that treaties related with human rights can be used to determine the indecision and indistinctness in the law. They can be used to review the previous decision made in case of overruling. Further they assist in determining values and standards related to the progress of the common law (Mitchell and Powell, 2011). Additional, there is certain significant growth in the recent years The Attorney-General's Department has stated that treaties have some indirect control on the Australian Domestic law. In Mabo v. Queensland Justice Brennan has stated that: the common law does not conform with the international law (Simmons, 2009). International law and the domestic law vary on the base of their sources is derived from the constitutional machinery. It is not articulated in the formal constitutional rule that is intrinsic to the judicial functions that have a constitution effect. There was no worldwide legitimate machinery that acts as a formal source of international law. In that case International law act as a basis to make decision (De Mestral and Fox-Decent, 2009; Rothwell, Kaye, Akhtarkhavari and Davis, 2010). The United Nation Human Right Committee has established that Australia had violated its international obligation under the ICCPR. The commonwealth Parliament ratified legislation to supersede the offending State Legislation. This has further attributed in fuelling the current system followed by the government (Merry, 2009). There is a continuous concern over Australias loss of control. At certain times international tribunal can mention on matter that are beforehand fell under the domestic law. In cases of Toonen v. Australia, the entity has a right to have his grievances heard by the UNHRC. There was further suggestion that this system will erode the federal system. This will further extinct the power of states (Honnold and Flechtner, 2009). Treaties and the Development of the Common Law The experience regarding recognition so far includes the recent acknowledgement in the International Conventions. It is stated that, universal fundamental rights can be used by the local courts in Australia as a guide. The previous recognition within the High Court of Australia was found in the Judgment of Murphy J. His decisions were influenced by the International Human Right Law. In Dugan v Mirror Newspapers Ltd, his decision was influenced by the International convention (Aust, 2013). His approach was based the majority. The influence of international law and treaties has been increased in performance of judicial function. There are numerous examples where the decision relating to the cases were based on international conventions. However the role played by the international treaties is minimal (Ruggie, 2007). Ratification is a positive statement where agencies have to act according to the convention. The act will be implemented in accordance with the in conformity with the convention. It is well established in the Teohs case that the international treaty will not be genuinely incorporated into the municipal law or statute (Sloss, 2009). A treaty that is not incorporated by the municipal law does not form to be a part of direct source of individual right. At this point of time it is still unclear whether an international instrument can justify a change made in the common law. The decision regarding development of common law includes importation of international norms into the domestic system in order to create new obligation. The international human rights are merely a persuasive authority. The support for the statement lays in the status of human rights treaties. In this context international human rights are seem as a modernizing agent which has helped in creation of new domestic law. Th e international law has no capacity to reform the domestic law. A treaty implemented as a domestic law forms to be part of legislation /(Doeker, 2012). As stated in Brennan v Brennan [1953] HCA 28 Australian Domestic Law, order made by a judge of superior court is irrelevant until it is set aside on an appeal. Treaties ratified by the Australian government Under the Australian Constitution, the executive has an exclusive right to negotiate, sign and ratify the treaties. The treaties are having a huge influence upon the shape of the local law. In case when the legislation is drafted in order to expressly give force to the domestic law then the decision are usually left up to the court in order to decide the provision inside the treaty. The court is bind to interpret the treaty in accordance with the Vienna Convention. The meaning of Refugee as defined in the section 4(1) of the migration act 1958 (Cth) is similar to the definition as defined in the Article 1 of the Refugee Convention (Boyle and Chinkin, 2007). It is seen that Australia doesnt seem bound by the human right treaty except it is been implemented in the Australian law through legislation. As per the Article 3 of the United Nation Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989, all actions concerned with children should be taken by the administrative authority in the interest of the child. The convention was enforced on 2 September 1990 and ratified by Australia w.e.f 16 January 1991. The convention appeared in the Human rights and Equal Opportunity Commission Act 1986 (Cth). The convention on offences and certain other act committed on Board Aircraft commonly known as the Tokyo Convention was passed in 1963 was ratified in the form of Crimes (Aviation) Act 1991 w.e.f 1970. 1979 Hague Convention on hostage taking was ratified in the form of the Crimes (Aviation) Act 1991.The purpose is to provide protection to the aircraft against any crime. The act was ratified in accordance with the rising crime in air. This is to give an effect in order to provide safety and assurance. The Racial discrimination Act 1975 (Cth) is based on convention on the elimination of racial discrimination 1965, and the Sex Discrimination Act 1984 (Cth) is based on the Convention on the elimination of all forms of Discrimination against women 1979 is a major part of the Disability Discrimination act 1992 (Cth).This has given a wide perspective to the domestic law to work under the light of international law. A treaty cannot be expressly incorporated in the Australian local and municipal law until and unless passed by the legislation. The terms of treaties are only incorporated when passed by the Parliament through an act. Treaties are only made applicable to the law until and unless made explicitly by the Australian legislation. Adding a part of the treaty in the form of a schedule to a particular act is not sufficient enough to incorporate it. There has been a little use of unincorporated treaties outside the field of the human rights. However the law regulating the relationship in between the treaties and the domestic law is still not settled on many points. The relationship in between the domestic and the international law is relation with the fundamental rights. The pressure caused due to internationalization is held responsible for establishing a necessity to create an appropriate legislation. State Responsibility and Environmental Regulation Background In the give case study it is given that Ecks Company was incorporated in State X but its headquarter, operating plan are located in State Y. Whereas a small branch office of the company is located in State Z. It is stated that the Industrial spy Mr. O has obtained secret from the large competitor located in State Z. For a year the spy successfully supplied the trade secret to the other companies. The person was arrested for sending the trade secrets. In order to reduce the sentence the spy decided to testify against Ecks Co. Branch office manager. To The consequence State Z prosecuted both the company and the branch office manager. The manager was found guilty and sentenced to the prison term. The court by default confiscated all the assets of the branch. The company never appeared before the court. Subsequent appeal made by the company to open a branch in State Z was denied. Later they persuaded State Y to file a claim in ICJ. In the report it is essential to recognize whether the claim made was justified or not? The ICJ has all means to listen upon the justification given by the different states. Under such a situation it is mandatory to hear pleading as given by them. The ICJ decisions are based on common law practice between the states. While considering the case the court has rights to deny the pleading on a fact if they are not convinced. It is evident that there certain legal boundation that are necessary to be followed while making further pleading. This is in regard with the international law. The major concern on an individual state is to put forward the case involving its interest. The court is not convinced with the justification given by the state. They can reject the plea in the beginning as well. This is necessary to notice that there should be efficient role and procedures during the overall procedures. The ICJ is currently following various customary laws in order to seek justice. It is necessary for both the States in the given situation to understand the rights given. The ju risdiction lies with the international court of justice. They have all rights to accept or deny the proposal. Legal implication Yes, it can be said that there are several objections that can be raised by State Z. There are several objections in relation with the ICJs jurisdiction that State Z may raise. Lack of appropriate nationality Firstly, there is lack of appropriate nationality. In the given situation it is very much clear there is lack of appropriate nationality which evokes various question regarding nationality. Under the given situation it is clear that the individual has lack of appropriate authority. In case when there is no proper clearance regarding the nationality, ICJ has an authority to deny the overall claim (Brand, Grg, Hirsch and Wissen, 2008). In the given situation there is a question whether the states of a dual nation can sponsor a suit on the behalf of their nation. This needs to be clear regarding the objectivity whether there is an appropriate link in between the party which is filing a suit. In case if a suit is been filed then there must be an appropriate link in between the party filing the suit (Vogel, 2009). There should be a genuine link in among the supporting state and the nation. In the given situation it is observed that there is a formal link in between as Ecks was incorporated in State X. However there is no genuine links in between the corporate and the state. Most of the Ecks employees and its shareholders are living in State Y. additionally the headquarters, operating plant are situated in State Y (Konisky, 2007). It is necessary in the case that the state needs to clear the link sin between the state and the company. Here it is visible that the company is failing to state their claim regarding the pro posal. They have a clear issues regarding allocating an appropriate authority (Gouldson and Murphy, 2013). It is the responsibility of the state as well to understand the link in between the State and the company. In case if there is no direct link then it has to decline the proposal at its end (Nanda and Pring, 2012). Failure to exhaust all local remedies It is important to be noticed that Ecks Failed to exhaust all local remedies. It never appeared to appeal its decisions in State Z. the company was operating in two different states and this is necessary to understand to which state it actually belongs to. The question regarding their proposal is necessary to be taken under consideration in order to understand their rights. Moreover there was no indication of why Ecks might be justified with their act (Arbour, 2008). This is justified that the company failed to make an appeal at the right time. It was expected that the company should have appealed at a right time so as to meet the right consequences. The right related to jurisdiction is appropriate while understanding the relationship in between them (Mingst and Arregun-Toft, 2013). Laches It need to taken under consideration that the State X waited more than a decade before sponsoring Ecks suit. The case is regarding the extraordinarily long time with no justification for the delay. The time taken by the state was not justified. They took a very long time in order to put forward the suit. In such a situation this is not acceptable that the party filing the suit after a decade. It is not allowed to file a suit according to ones convenience. It is necessary to understand that the State took a very long period to put forward the proposal. Under such a situation this is evident that the proposal can be denied on that ground. The extraordinary long time taken by the company has caused serious issues in dissolving the problem. Dirty hands Ecks was involved in espionage. This is very much visible from the case study that the company was involved in spying. They dont have a justifiable ground to seek claim. It is seen that the company were involved in wrong practice. They do not have any legitimate ground to seek redressal. In a situation like this their integrity is under a big question. It has no legitimate say to having been deprived of justice. It can be noticed that their very own actions brought on the suspected rejection of justice it is claiming (Dixon, McCorquodale and Williams, 2011). ICJ can never support an individual who is involved in misleading activity. It is very much clear initially that the company has appointed a spy for misappropriation (Dixon, 2013). Results The case can be denied by the ICJ on multiple grounds. There is lack of appropriate nationality. In the given situation it is very much clear there is lack of appropriate nationality which evokes various question regarding nationality the question regarding the nationality is a matter that has affected the decision. . There should be a genuine link in among the supporting state and the nation. . There should be a genuine link in among the supporting state and the nation. This is justified that the company failed to make an appeal at the right time. It was expected that the company should have appealed at a right time so as to meet the right consequences. Moreover they do not have any legitimate ground to seek redressal. Under such a peculiar condition it is clear that the proposal made by them can be denied on multiple grounds (Wendel, 2007). Conclusion This report states the authority and the role played by ICJ in managing different role. It is clear that ICJ plays an important role in imparting significant ICJ is currently following various customary laws in order to seek justice. The given case study involves the case study of the following rights on which the rights of State Z are denied. Lack of appropriate nationality, Failure to exhaust all local remedies, Laches and Dirty hands are the ground to decline the claim. These were the four grounds on which the claim was denied. It is appropriate to notice that the rights related to the jurisdiction can be denied on the above mentioned grounds. . The question regarding their proposal is necessary to be taken under consideration in order to understand their rights. Moreover there was no indication of why Ecks might be justified with their act. . The right related to jurisdiction is appropriate while understanding the relationship in between them. While considering all the issues it is firstly necessary to understand the problems in depth. The ICJ has an authority to take decisions on the basis of the treaty in between the countries. References Arbour, L., 2008. The responsibility to protect as a duty of care in international law and practice.Review of International Studies,34(03), pp.445-458. Aust, A., 2013.Modern treaty law and practice. Cambridge University Press. Blanpain, R., Bisom-Rapp, S., Corbett, W.R., Josephs, H.K. and Zimmer, M.J., 2007.The global workplace: international and comparative employment law-cases and materials. Cambridge University Press. Boyle, A. and Chinkin, C., 2007.The making of international law. OUP Oxford. Brand, U., Grg, C., Hirsch, J. and Wissen, M., 2008.Conflicts in environmental regulation and the internationalisation of the state: contested terrains. Routledge. De Mestral, A. and Fox-Decent, E., 2009. Rethinking the relationship between international and domestic law. Dixon, M., McCorquodale, R. and Williams, S., 2011.Cases and materials on international law. Oxford University Press. Dixon, M., 2013.Textbook on international law. Oxford University Press. Doeker, G., 2012.The treaty-making power in the Commonwealth of Australia. Springer. Gouldson, A. and Murphy, J., 2013.Regulatory realities: The implementation and impact of industrial environmental regulation. Routledge. Gutteridge, H.C., 2015.Comparative law: an introduction to the comparative method of legal study and research(Vol. 1). CUP Archive. Honnold, J. and Flechtner, H.M., 2009.Uniform law for international sales under the 1980 United Nations Convention. Kluwer law international. Konisky, D.M., 2007. Regulatory competition and environmental enforcement: Is there a race to the bottom?.American Journal of Political Science,51(4), pp.853-872. Langford, M., 2008.Social rights jurisprudence: Emerging trends in international and Management law. Cambridge University Press. Merry, S.E., 2009.Human rights and gender violence: Translating international law into local justice. University of Chicago Press. Mingst, K.A. and Arregun-Toft, I.M., 2013.Essentials of International Relations: Sixth International Student Edition. WW Norton Company. Mitchell, S.M. and Powell, E.J., 2011.Domestic law goes global: Legal traditions and international courts. Cambridge University Press. Nanda, V. and Pring, G.R., 2012.International environmental law and policy for the 21st century. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. Poudret, J.F. and Besson, S., 2007.Comparative law of international arbitration. Sweet Maxwell. Rothwell, D.R., Kaye, S., Akhtarkhavari, A. and Davis, R., 2010.International law: cases and materials with Australian perspectives. Cambridge University Press. Ruggie, J.G., 2007. Business and human rights: the evolving international agenda.The American Journal of International Law,101(4), pp.819-840. Simmons, B.A., 2009.Mobilizing for human rights: international law in domestic politics. Cambridge University Press. Sloss, D. ed., 2009.The role of domestic courts in treaty enforcement: a comparative study. Cambridge University Press. Vogel, D., 2009.Trading up: Consumer and environmental regulation in a global economy. Harvard University Press. Wendel, P., 2007.State responsibility for interferences with the freedom of navigation in public international law(Vol. 11). Springer Scien